La globalización es una de las cuestiones más controvertidas en el debate económico internacional del tiempo presente, tras lo que fue el gran paso adelante de Adam Smith, al ilustrar las ventajas de un comercio universal sin barreras. Modernamente, el movimiento se manifiesta en por lo menos cuatro planos interconectados: tecnológico, político, económico y ecológico. Con el trasfondo de toda una controversia, a partir de la cual algunos pretenden que el Consenso de Washington sea el código neoliberal que sirva de panacea. Pero las soluciones no llegan automáticamente vía mercado, resultando indispensable combinar sus posibilidades con acciones de los poderes públicos; correspondiendo globalmente la máxima responsabilidad a los organismos de las Naciones Unidas.
____________________________________________Doubtless, the present trends of globalization are some of the most controversial questions in the debate on International Economics. Having started that discussion with the contributions of Adam Smith, when he emphasized the great advantages of an international trade without barriers. More in recent times, the irreversible process to globalization can be appreciated in at least four interconnected aspects: new technologies, world political organization, general framework for a global economy, and environment affairs relating to the general biosphere. Still being debated all these items, a certain number of authors are defending the so called Consensus of Washington, as a neo-liberal code that could be considered as a panacea. But solutions, indeed, cannot be afforded always through the market system, being therefore indispensable to combine those possibilities with the action of public powers. Which on an international level means that the United Nations have a roll in the search of real global solutions.
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