Although fibromyalgia is defined by its core muscular nociceptive component, it also
includes multiple dysfunctions that involve the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine,
as well as the central and peripheral nervous systems, amongst others. The pathogenic involvement
of the nervous system and the numerous neurological and neuroinflammatory symptoms of this
disease may benefit from neuromodulatory stimulation techniques that have been shown to be
effective and safe in diverse nervous system pathologies. In this systematic review, we outline current
evidence showing the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as therapeutic
strategies in fibromyalgia. In addition, we evaluate the contribution of these tools to the exploration
of the neurophysiological characteristics of fibromyalgia. Considering that the pathogenesis of this
disease is unknown, these approaches do not aim to causally treat this syndrome, but to significantly
reduce a range of key symptoms and thus improve the quality of life of the patients.
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